Prepare the Meat and Broth:
In a large stockpot, place the pork or chicken, onion, garlic, and bay leaves. Add broth and bring to a boil.
Reduce heat to a simmer, cover, and cook for 1.5-2 hours, or until the meat is tender and easily shredded.
Prepare the Chilies (Optional):
Remove stems and seeds from the dried chilies. Toast them lightly in a dry skillet until fragrant.
Soak the chilies in hot water for 10 minutes, then blend into a smooth paste with a little soaking water.
Shred the Meat:
Remove the meat from the pot and shred it with two forks. Discard bones and any excess fat. Return the shredded meat to the pot.
Add Hominy and Spices:
Add the hominy, cumin, oregano, salt, and chili paste (if using) to the pot. Simmer for an additional 20-30 minutes to allow flavors to meld.
Taste and Adjust:
Taste the broth and adjust seasoning with more salt or spices as needed.
Serve and Garnish:
Ladle the hot soup into bowls. Add your favorite toppings like shredded cabbage, radishes, cilantro, and a squeeze of lime.